Page Object Model in Selenium

Now a days, Page Object Model become very popular test automation framework in Selenium, where web application pages are represented as classes, and the all the web elements on the page are defined as variables on the class. All possible user interactions can be implemented as methods on the class.

Advantages:

1) User-friendly interface for creation and execution of test suites.

2) Reusability of code.

3)Reduce duplicate code

4) Easy maintenance.

Page Object Model Structure:

Implementation of Page Object Model Without PageFactory :

The structure of Page object model where all page Web Elements of the application and the user actions on these Web Elements are maintained as methods inside a class file.

Example:

Let us take HMS portal is an example for implementing POM framework. It contains Login page and Home page once after logged in successfully.

Please find the below link to Download the Sample Page Object Model framework without page factory.

Download Page Object Model Framework

Page objects in login page:

public class LoginPage {

   //object repository

public By usernameobj=By.name("username");

public By passwordobj=By.name("password");

public By loginObj=By.name("submit");

public By resetObj=By.name("reset");

//variables

public String username;

public String password;

//Page object Methods

   //set the user name and password

public void generateData(String username,String password){

this.username=username;

this.password=password;

}

//Filling user name and password

public void fillingDataToLogin(WebDriver driver){

driver.findElement(usernameobj).clear();

driver.findElement(usernameobj).sendKeys(username);

driver.findElement(passwordobj).clear();

driver.findElement(passwordobj).sendKeys(password);

}

//Click on login button

public void clickOnLoginButton(WebDriver driver){

driver.findElement(loginObj).click();

}

//click on reset button

public void clickOnResetButton(WebDriver driver){

driver.findElement(loginObj).click();

}

}

 Page objects in Home page:

public class HomePage {

//object repository

public By homePageUserNameObj =By.xpath("//h3[contains(.,'Welcome, admin Logout')]");

public By logoutObj =By.xpath("//a[@href='logout.php']");

//Getting logged in user name from Home page

    public String getHomePageDashboardUserName(WebDriver driver){

     return driver.findElement(homePageUserNameObj).getText();

    }

 

}

Test Scripts:

Here I have covered the valid and invalid test cases of HMS portal.

public class TestCases extends BaseClass {

//object creation for LoginPage

LoginPage loginpage = new LoginPage();

HomePage homepage = new HomePage();

/**

* HMS-001 -In Valid Login

* @throws IOException 

*/

@Test(priority=1)

public void inValidLoginOfHMS() throws IOException{

try

{

loginpage.generateData("inavlidusername", "inavlidusername");

loginpage.fillingDataToLogin(driver);

//CommonMethod.takesScreenshot(driver, "BeforeLogin", "Success");

loginpage.clickOnLoginButton(driver);

   //Verification

   if(CommonMethod.isAlertPresent(driver)){

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

System.out.println(alert.getText());

alert.accept();

   }

}

catch(Throwable t)

{

//CommonMethod.takesScreenshot(driver, "In valid login","Failed");

System.out.println(t.getLocalizedMessage());

Error e1 = new Error(t.getMessage()); 

e1.setStackTrace(t.getStackTrace()); 

throw e1;

}

}

/**

* HMS-002 -Valid Login

* @throws IOException 

*/

@Test(priority=2)

public void ValidLoginOfHMS() throws IOException{

try

{

loginpage.generateData("admin", "admin");

loginpage.fillingDataToLogin(driver);

//CommonMethod.takesScreenshot(driver, "Before Login","Success");

loginpage.clickOnLoginButton(driver);

//Verification

Assert.assertTrue(homepage.getHomePageDashboardUserName(driver).contains("admin"));

Assert.assertTrue(driver.findElement(homepage.logoutObj).isDisplayed());

//CommonMethod.takesScreenshot(driver, "After login","Success");

}

catch(Throwable t)

{

CommonMethod.takesScreenshot(driver, "valid login","Failed");

System.out.println(t.getLocalizedMessage());

Error e1 = new Error(t.getMessage()); 

e1.setStackTrace(t.getStackTrace()); 

throw e1;

}

}

}

In order to execute this test cases we need a BaseClass which contains Browser and Environment details configuration.

BaseClass:

public class BaseClass {

public static WebDriver driver;

public Properties prop;

@BeforeClass

@Parameters({"browserName","environment"})

public void setup(String browserName,String environment ) throws IOException, InterruptedException{

//selecting browser based on parameter from TestNG.xml

if(browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("firefox")){

driver = new FirefoxDriver();

}

else if(browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("chrome")){

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "F:/Workspace/POMFramework/Driver Files/chromedriver.exe");

driver= new ChromeDriver();

}

else if(browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("ie")){

System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "F:/Workspace/POMFramework/Driver Files/IEDriverServer.exe");

driver= new InternetExplorerDriver();

}

else if(browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("opera")){

System.setProperty("webdriver.opera.driver", "F:/Workspace/POMFramework/Driver Files/operadriver.exe");

driver= new OperaDriver();

}

//maximizing window

driver.manage().window().maximize();

//creating object for properties class

prop = new Properties();

//creating object for file input stream

FileInputStream file1 = new FileInputStream("F:/Workspace/POMFramework/src/main/resources/Environment.properties");

//loading data from file 

prop.load(file1);

//Navigating to URL based on environment parameter from TestNG.xml

//ENV_QA,ENV_SATGING,ENV_DEV,ENV_PRODUCTION Retrieving from Environment.properties

if(environment.equalsIgnoreCase("qa")){

driver.get(prop.getProperty("ENV_QA"));

}

else if(environment.equalsIgnoreCase("staging")){

driver.get(prop.getProperty("ENV_SATGING"));

}

else if(environment.equalsIgnoreCase("dev")){

driver.get(prop.getProperty("ENV_DEV"));

}

else if(environment.equalsIgnoreCase("prod")){

driver.get(prop.getProperty("ENV_PRODUCTION"));

}

}

@AfterClass

public void end() throws InterruptedException{

Thread.sleep(5000);

driver.close();

}

}

Here we are maintaining Driver related reusable methods in CommonMethod class.(Alerts and Take Screenshot).

CommonMethod Class:

public class CommonMethod {

public static boolean isAlertPresent(WebDriver driver){

try{

driver.switchTo().alert();

return true;

}

catch(Exception e){

return false;

}

}

public static void takesScreenshot(WebDriver driver , String ScreenshotName,String message) throws IOException{

Date date = new Date();

Timestamp timestamp= new Timestamp(date.getTime());

String time=timestamp.toString();

time = time.replace(' ', '-');

time = time.replace(':', '-'); 

File screen=((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

   FileUtils.copyFile(screen, new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\Screenshots\\"+"_"+ScreenshotName+"_"+time+"_"+message+"_"+".jpg"));

}

}

Environment properties file

Here we are maintaining all the URL's of an application in Environment.properties file.

Environment.properties:

##Environment Details

ENV_DEV=http://http://www.seleniumfortesing.com/hms/

ENV_QA=http://http://www.seleniumfortesing.com/hms/

ENV_SATGING=http://www.seleniumfortesing.com/hms/

ENV_PRODUCTION=http://www.seleniumfortesing.com/hms/

And finally for executing test scripts we have use TestNG.xml file. Please find the below xml structure for the same

.

TestNG.xml:

<suite name="SmokeTestCasesSuite" verbose="1" preserve-order="true"  >

   

<test name="Smoketest_Chrome1" preserve-order="true">

<!-- pass data on below parameters before executing test suite -->

<parameter name="browserName" value="chrome"></parameter>

<parameter name="environment" value="prod"></parameter>

<classes>

<class name="com.way2selenium.testcases.TestCases"></class> 

 

</classes>

</test>

</suite> 

Please find the below link to download the sample Page Object Model framework without page factory.

Download Page Object Model Framework